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Q211. Write a Program to print duplicate words in a String

Ans. public class BuggyBread {
public static void main(String args[]) {
String str = "we are what we repeatedly Do excellence, then, is not an act but a haBit";
Set<String> words = new HashSet();
for(String word:str.split(" ")){
if(words.contains(word)){
System.out.println(word);
} else {
words.add(word);
}
}
}
}

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Q212. Write code to find second largest number in an array of integers.

Ans. int arr[]={1,3,5,6,4,8,9,2,10};
Arrays.sort();
System.out.println(arr[arr.length-1]);

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Frequently asked Spring interview question.

Q213. What are the components of Spring framework ?

Ans. Core: [Core, Bean, Context, Expression Language]

Web: [Web, Portlet, Servlet, etc]

Data Access [JMS, JDBC, etc]

AOP, Aspect

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Q214. What are the core OOPs concepts ?

Ans. Abstraction, Encapsulation, Polymorphism , Composition and Inheritance

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Q215. What is an execution engine within JVM ?

Ans. Execution engine contains interpreter and JIT compiler, which covert byte code into machine code.

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Q216. Write program to create a linked list and perform different operations on it.

Ans. import java.util.*;
class LinkedListSolution{
protected LinkedList list;
public LinkedListSolution(){
list = new LinkedList();
}
public Object pop() throws NoSuchElementException{
if(list.isEmpty())
throw new NoSuchElementException();
else
return list.removeFirst();
}
public void push(Object obj){
list.addFirst(obj);
}
public Object peek() throws NoSuchElementException{
if(list.isEmpty())
throw new NoSuchElementException();
else
return list.getFirst();
}
public boolean isEmpty(){
return list.isEmpty();
}
public String toString(){
return list.toString();
}
}
class TestStack{
public static void main(String args[]){
LinkedListSolution s = new LinkedListSolution();
s.push("First");
s.push("Second");
s.push("Third");
System.out.println("Top: " s.peek());
s.push("Fourth");
while(!(s.isEmpty()))
System.out.println(s.pop());
}
}

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Q217. How do threads share information ?

Ans. Through common memory area.

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Q218. Given 2 jars of 5 ltr and 3 ltr, how will you get 4 ltrs in one of those jars ?

Ans. Number 1 -

Fill the 5 litre can from the tap

Empty the 5 litre can into the 3 litre can leaving 2 litres in the 5 litre can.

Pour away the contents of the 3 litre can.Fill the 3 litre can with the 2 litres from the 5 litre can leaving 2 litres in the 3 litre can.

Fill the 5 litre can from the tap.Fill the remaining 1 litre space in the 3 litre can from the 5 litre can.Leaving 4 litres in the 5 litre can.

Number 2 -

Fill the 3 litre can from the tap.Empty the contents of the 3 litre can into the 5 litre can.

Fill the 3 litre can from the tap.Empty the contents of the 3 litre can into the 5 litre can leaving the 5 litre can full and 1 litre in the 3 litre can.

Pour away the contents of the 5 litre can. Pour the 1 litre from the 3 litre can into the 5 litre can.

Fill the 3 litre can from the tap. Empty the contents of the 3 litre can into the 5 litre can leaving 4 litres in the 5 litre can.

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Q219. Why do we need Garbage collection ?

Ans. Garbage collection mechanism frees up the memory that is no longer needed. In languages like C / C++ the deallocation needs to be done explicitly by the programmer and hence any leniency may result in memory leak. Garbage collection in java ensures that all unused memory is reclaimed and hence there are no memory leaks.Moreover it relieves the programmer from the hassle of carefully releasing all memory.

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Q220. Write a Program to merge two sorted arrays ?

Ans. We can merge two sorted array by using quick sort algorithm

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Q221. What is the use of constructors in Java ?

Ans. Constructors are used to initialize the state of an object. If there are no constructor , objects won't have any initialized state and hence it's elements may contain garbage values. If the memory were used as is, the behavior of the object would also be unpredictable.

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Q222. Is synchronized a keyword , modifier, identifier? what is it ?

Ans. synchronized is a keyword and a modifier. The synchronized keyword is used to indicate that a method can be accessed exclusively by one thread at a time.

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Q223. Where does database stored procedures gets stored ?

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Q224. What is Amazon EC2 ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud or EC2 provides scalable computing capacity in the AWS cloud. It can be used to create Virtual Environments , storage and configure. EC2 enables to upgrade or downgrade infrastructure according to the rules defined ( with fluctuation in latency, traffic etc )

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Q225. Difference between constructor and setter injection ?

Ans. 1. In Setter Injection, partial injection of dependencies can possible, means if we have 3 dependencies like int, string, long, then its not necessary to inject all values if we use setter injection. If you are not inject it will takes default values for those primitives1. In constructor injection, partial injection of dependencies cannot possible, because for calling constructor we must pass all the arguments right, if not so we may get error

2. Setter Injection will overrides the constructor injection value, provided if we write setter and constructor injection for the same property [i already told regarding this, hope you remember ] But, constructor injection cannot overrides the setter injected values

3. If we have more dependencies for example 15 to 20 are there in our bean class then, in this case setter injection is not recommended as we need to write almost 20 setters right, bean length will increase. In this case, Constructor injection is highly recommended, as we can inject all the dependencies with in 3 to 4 lines [i mean, by calling one constructor]

4. Setter injection makes bean class object as mutable [We can change ] .Constructor injection makes bean class object as immutable [We cannot change ]

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Q226. Write a Program to find age by birth date ?

Ans. LocalDate today = LocalDate.now();
LocalDate birthday = LocalDate.of(1960, Month.JANUARY, 1);
Period p = Period.between(birthday, today); //Now access the values as below
System.out.println(period.getDays());
System.out.println(period.getMonths());
System.out.println(period.getYears());

Sample Code for LocalDate

Sample Code for Period

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Q227. what are different pointer operators used ?

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Q228. Explain Generics in Java ?

Ans. Generics are a facility of generic programming that were added to the Java programming language in 2004 within J2SE5.0. They allow "a type or method to operate on objects of various types while providing compile-time type safety.

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Q229. Which immutable classes have you worked with ? Can you name some immutable Collections ? How to make an immutable collection ?

Ans. string and wrapper class objects

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Q230. What is the difference between SDLC and Agile ?

Ans. Here are the differences between Agile and Waterfall Methodology:

The software development process is divided into different phases in the Waterfall model while Agile methodology segregates the project development lifecycle into sprints

Waterfall is a structured software development methodology, and often times can be quite rigid, whereas the Agile methodology is known for its flexibility

According to the Waterfall model, software development is to be completed as one single project, which is then divided into different phases, with each phase appearing only once during the SDLC. However, the Agile methodology can be considered as a collection of many different projects, which are nothing but the iterations of the different phases focusing on improving the overall software quality with feedback from users or the QA team

If you want to use the Waterfall model for software development, then you have to be clear with all the development requirements beforehand as there is no scope of changing the requirements once the project development starts. The Agile methodology, on the other hand, is quite flexible, and allows for changes to be made in the project development requirements even after the initial planning has been completed

All the project development phases such as designing, development, testing, etc. are completed once in the Waterfall model while as part of the Agile methodology, they follow an iterative development approach.

As a result, planning, development, prototyping and other software development phases can appear more than once during the entire SDLC One of the major differences between Agile and Waterfall development methodology is their individual approach towards quality and testing.

In the Waterfall model, the Testing phase comes after the Build phase, but, in the Agile methodology, testing is typically performed concurrently with programming or at least in the same iteration as programming

While Waterfall methodology is an internal process and does not require the participation of customers, the Agile software development approach focuses on customer satisfaction and thus, involves the participation of customers throughout the development phase

The Waterfall model can be regarded as a stringently sequential process, however, the Agile methodology is a highly collaborative software development process, thereby leading to better team input and faster problem solving

The Waterfall model is best suited for projects which have clearly defined requirements and in which change is not expected at all, while Agile development supports a process in which the requirements are expected to change and evolve. Thus, if you are planning to develop a software that would require frequent overhauls and has to keep up with the technology landscape and customer requirements, Agile is the best approach to follow

The Waterfall model exhibits a project mindset and lays its focus strictly on the completion of project development, while Agile introduces a product mindset that focuses on ensuring that the developed product satisfies its end customers, and changes itself as the requisites of customers change

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Q231. Explain OOps concepts.

Ans. There are four main OOP concepts in Java. These are:

Abstraction. Abstraction means using simple things to represent complexity. We all know how to turn the TV on, but we don?t need to know how it works in order to enjoy it. In Java, abstraction means simple things like objects, classes, and variables represent more complex underlying code and data. This is important because it lets avoid repeating the same work multiple times.

Encapsulation. This is the practice of keeping fields within a class private, then providing access to them via public methods. It?s a protective barrier that keeps the data and code safe within the class itself. This way, we can re-use objects like code components or variables without allowing open access to the data system-wide.

Inheritance. This is a special feature of Object Oriented Programming in Java. It lets programmers create new classes that share some of the attributes of existing classes. This lets us build on previous work without reinventing the wheel.

Polymorphism. This Java OOP concept lets programmers use the same word to mean different things in different contexts. One form of polymorphism in Java is method overloading. That?s when different meanings are implied by the code itself. The other form is method overriding. That?s when the different meanings are implied by the values of the supplied variables. See more on this below.

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Frequently asked in Genpact.

Q232. What is object cloning ?

Ans. Its is the process of creating exact copy of an object being cloned. In Object class one native method called clone() is there which is meant for Shallow Cloning of Object. Shallow cloning means bitwise copy of an object.In case of primitive data type it will create an exact copy of primitive values as well as variables but if the object contains any reference of an object then it will not copy the referenced object rather it will create the copy of reference variable and assigned it to the old object.

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Q233. What is collection framework in Java ?

Ans. The Java collections framework (JCF) is a set of classes and interfaces that implement commonly reusable collection data structures. Although referred to as a framework, it works in a manner of a library. The JCF provides both interfaces that define various collections and classes that implement them.

Sample Code for Map

Sample Code for HashMap

Sample Code for Treemap

Sample Code for set

Sample Code for hashset

Sample Code for treeset

Sample Code for list

Sample Code for arraylist

Sample Code for linkedlist

Sample Code for queue

Sample Code for priorityqueue

Sample Code for concurrenthashmap

Sample Code for vector

Sample Code for stack

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Q234. Tell me something about Amazon Lambda.

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. AWS Lambda is an event-driven, serverless computing platform provided by Amazon as a part of Amazon Web Services. It is a computing service that runs code in response to events and automatically manages the computing resources required by that code. It was introduced in November 2014.

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Q235. Why String is a class in Java ?

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Q236. Explain toString method ? Which class contains this method ?

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Q237. Difference between Arrays and LinkedList ?

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Q238. How can we make sure that only one object of a class get's created ?

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Q239. Explain your experience working on UI ? Have you worked with JSF ?

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Q240. Can you give an example of a Get and Post Request.

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