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Q2251. Will finally run if we have return statement and it exits the method early ?

Ans. finally will execute in all graceful situations - graceful executions as well as graceful exceptions. The only situation when finally block won't execute is when the app is abruptly stopped, killed or unplugged.

Sample Code for finally

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Very frequently asked. Usually asked in this format or as difference with interfaces / concrete classes.

Q2252. What is an abstract class ?

Core Java

Ans. Abstract class is the class that is not supposed to be instantiated. The purpose of the class to only have extension to the derived class.

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Q2253. What will be the output of following code

public class BuggyBread {
   static class A {
      A() {
         f();
      }

      public void f() {
         System.out.println("A ctor");
      }
   }

   static class B extends A {
      B() {
         f();
      }

      public void f() {
         System.out.println("B ctor");
      }
   }

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      B b = new B();
      b.f();
      A a = new A();
      a.f();
   }
}

Core Java

Ans. B ctor
B ctor
B ctor
A ctor
A ctor

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Q2254. Can constructor be synchronized in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. No, constructors can not be synchronized in Java. In fact using the keyword synchronized with a constructor results in compilation error.

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Q2255. Can a constructor throw an exception ?

Core Java

Ans. Yes

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Q2256. Explain your experience with Java, spring and web services?

General

Ans. Have worked on Java 7 and Java 8, In Java 8 , Worked with streams , lambda expression and default methods.

Have worked on both Spring Mvc and Spring Boot, using Spring dependency injection, Rest services , AOP , JDBC and Hibernate integration.

Have worked on Rest services using Spring and Spring Boot. Have worked on SOAP web services too.

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Frequently asked in high end product companies.

Q2257. Write code for LRU Cache

Core Java

Ans. https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/lru-cache-implementation/

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Q2258. Create a Class Bank with the methods to deposit and Withdraw ?

Core Java

Ans. class Bank {
int balance;

Bank(){
balance = 0;
}

void deposit(int amount){
balance = balance amount;
}

int withdraw(int amount){
balance = balance - amount;
return balance;
}
}

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Q2259. What is Spring Security ?

Spring

Ans. Spring Security is a powerful and highly customizable authentication and access control framework. It is the de facto standard for securing Spring-based applications.

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Q2260. Why main method is declared static ?

Core Java

Ans. static is the keyword that makes it accessible even without creating any object and using class name only. Making it non static would like creation of object upfront before calling the method.

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Q2261. What is the use of static keyword in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. static keyword is used to specify that the respective programming construct ( method , variable ) belongs to the class and not to its instance and is supposed to be shared by all instances of the class.

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Q2262. How is hashcode calculated in java ?

or

What are the rules for hashcode calculation ?

Core Java

Ans. General contract of hashCode is:

1.Whenever it is invoked on the same object more than once during an execution of a Java application, the hashCode method must consistently return the same integer,

2.If two objects are equal according to the equals(Object) method, then calling the hashCode method on each of the two objects must produce the same integer result.

3.It is not required that if two objects are unequal according to the equals(java.lang.Object) method, then calling the hashCode method on each of the two objects must produce distinct integer results.

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Q2263. Given a 12-hour analog clock, compute in degree the smaller angle between the hour and minute hands

Ans. Zero Degree. Because the hour and minute hands overlap once in an hour.

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Q2264. What is a factory design pattern ?

Design

Ans. Factory Design Patterns is the pattern that recommends creation of separate Factory Object for creation of other object.

So its like saying - If you want to create an object of ClassA, Talk to FactoryObject ( which is an object of FactoryClass ). FactoryObject in itself encapsulates the inputs and logic required to make the decision regarding the creation and construction of object.

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Q2265. What would you do if a customer asks you to make a change immediately that require some time for thinking and analysis ?

General

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

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Q2266. What was the most difficult task in your last job ?

General

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

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Q2267. What technical stuff you like to do in your free time ?

General

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

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Frequently asked in Cognizant ( Based on 2 feedback )

Q2268. What are Inner , Outer , Left and Right Joins in SQL ?

Database

Ans. Inner join is the intersection of two tables on the condition defined by the where clause i.e will get records from both tables matched by a column.

Outer join is the union of two tables i.e will get all records from both tables and will put null in the columns where related records are not present.

Left Outer join is the left union of two tables i.e all records from the table on the left and values from the right table for related records else null for the columns from right table.

Right Outer join is the right union of two tables i.e all records from the table on the right and values from the left table for related records else null for the columns from left table.

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Q2269. What is an exception and exception handling in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. An Exception in java is the occurrence during computation that is anomalous and is not expected.

Exception handling is the mechanism which is used to handle such situations.

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Q2270. When is the situation when finally section won't execute ?

Core Java

Ans. If the process / app is abruptly killed or terminated.

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Q2271. What is MAC Address ?

Networking

Ans. A media access control address is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications at the data link layer of a network segment. MAC addresses are used as a network address for most IEEE 802 network technologies, including Ethernet and Wi-Fi.

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Q2272. What is database Normalization ?

Database

Ans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization

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Q2273. Why java doesn't support multiple Inheritance ?

or

Explain Java Diamond Problem.

Core Java

Ans. class A {
void test() {
System.out.println("test() method");
}
}

class B {
void test() {
System.out.println("test() method");
}
}

Suppose if Java allows multiple inheritance like this,

class C extends A, B {
}

A and B test() methods are inheriting to C class.

So which test() method C class will take? As A & B class test() methods are different , So here we would Facing Ambiguity.

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Q2274. Which class is the root class of all Exceptions in Java ?

Ans. Throwable

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Q2275. Does java supports operator overloading ?

Core Java

Ans. No

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Q2276. Which operators in Java have highest precedence ?

Core Java

Ans. Braces, i.e () and [] have the highest precedence

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Q2277. What are different types of variables a class can have ?

Core Java

Ans. 1. Method local variables - These are declared and defined within a method ( instance or static methods ) and their scope is limited to the method itself. They are destructed once the execution of method completes. They are stored in stack memory.

2. Instance variables - These are declared as non static variables as part of the class.They are initialized as part of object creation ( constructor ) and are destructed by java's garbage collection mechanism and hence stored in heap.

3. Static variables - These are declared with the static keyword and are part of the class. They are initialized at the time of class loading and are destructed by java's garbage collection mechanism and hence stored in heap.

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Q2278. Name some of the Java Keywords ?

Core Java

Ans. Static , Final , Synchronized, private , public , protected, volatile, transient, super, this,import , abstract,native,default (effective java 8), new

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Q2279. Explain some of the features of Java ?

Core Java

Ans. Object Oriented - Java is object oriented but isn't purely object oriented as we have primitives along with objects.

Platform Independent - As JVM provides the translation to the Machine code as per the underlying Operating System.

Interpreted as well as compiled - Java files are compiled as class files and then class files are interpreted by JVM.

Runs on a Virtual Machine - Which is JVM that acts as an independent sub environment.

Multi-threaded - As applications can run on single thread as well as multi thread.

Modularity - Through usage of Classes , methods and Interfaces.

Robust

Usage in variety of Application types - Web , Gaming, BigData.

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Q2280. What is the difference between for and foreach loop in java ? Which one should be used in which cases ?

Core Java

Ans. 1. for loop in java is used with a counter as following

for(int counter=0;counter < 50;counter++){
System.out.println(list.get(counter));
}

for iterating and printing the contents of a collection

whereas foreach loop can be specified directly without the use of counter

for(String str:list){
System.out.println(list.get(counter));
}

2. for Each loop syntax is more clean if we have to iterate over the elements of a collection and we need not keep track of the record count

3. For is preferred when we need loops without the usage of collections or Array of objects and entirely primitives are being used

4. for loop is preferred if we need to keep track of record count and have to perform some action of the basis of that. For example - If we have to print something after every 5 records, With for each loop in such case, we will have to keep a separate counter.

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