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Q2431. What is a Database Trigger ?

Ans. A trigger is a special kind of stored procedure that automatically gets executed upon an event in the database server.

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Q2432. What is a Database sequence ?

Database

Ans. Its a feature wherein database creates unique values incremental values to be stored as primary key for the table.

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Q2433. What is a Database Procedure ?

Database

Ans. Stored procedures are a batch of SQL statements along with programming constructs ( if else, loops etc ) and stored as a single program that can be called by different clients and hence reused.

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Q2434. Explain Exception Hierarchy in Java SE ?

Core Java

Ans. <a href="http://www.programcreek.com/2009/02/diagram-for-hierarchy-of-exception-classes/" rel="nofollow">http://www.programcreek.com/2009/02/diagram-for-hierarchy-of-exception-classes/</a>

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Q2435. Which data structure would you recommend for ordered and sorted data?

Core Java

Ans. TreeSet and TreeMap are used for maintaining sorted elements.

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Q2436. Write a program to implement Binary search ?

Core Java

Ans. http://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/11model/BinarySearch.java.html

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Q2437. Write a java program to implement Quick sort ?

Core Java

Ans. http://www.programcreek.com/2012/11/quicksort-array-in-java/

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Q2438. What are the phases in Software Testing process ?

Process

Ans. Test Planning -> Test Design -> Test Execution -> Evaluating Exit Criteria and Closure

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Q2439. What is the use of Combiners ?

BigData

Ans. Combiners are used to increase the efficiency of a Map Reduce program. They are used to aggregate intermediate map output locally on individual mapper outputs. Combiners can help you reduce the amount of data that needs to be transferred across to the reducers.

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Q2440. Can you narrate some sample usage for Bigdata ?

BigData

Ans. One common usage is predictive analytic using huge current or past data. For example - Using recent medical data ( diagnosis and procedure ), one can identify the pattern of diseases or the procedures that has to eventually applied upon certain diagnosis. This analysis might help in predicting the diseases that might occur to a patient. the other usage could be to identify the future spending patterns of the population by analyzing the past and current habits.

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Q2441. What is Hadoop Framework ?

BigData

Ans. Hadoop is an open source framework , written in java by apche software foundation. This framework is used to write applications to process vast amount of data. Processing happens in parallel on large clusters which could have 1000 of computers. It processes data in a very reliable and fault tolerant manner.

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Q2442. What are the two main components of Hadoop System ?

BigData

Ans. Distributed file system and Map Reduce system.

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Q2443. What is the character limit of url and doesn it apply to GET and POST Requests ?

Java EE

Ans. Its 2048 and Yes it applies to get request but not POST. As in Get Request , elements are passed as part of the url, this limit applies to Get requests.

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Q2444. In this url

http://javasearch.buggybread.com/InterviewQuestions/questionSearch.php?searchOption=label&keyword=url

What is protocol , domain , path and query param ?

Java EE

Ans. the web URI starts with the protocol which is http in this case, javasearch.buggybread.com is the domain in this case which is a subdomain of buggybread.com, /InterviewQuestions is the path, questionSearch.php is the resource, searchOption and keyword are query params.

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Q2445. What is the difference between URI, URL and URN ?

Java EE

Ans. URI stands for Uniform Resource Indicator
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator
URN stands for Uniform Resource Name

URI = URL + URN

For ex - http://javasearch.buggybread.com/InterviewQuestions/questionSearch.php?keyword=url

This is URI. The string from start till .php is URL whereas keyword=url is URN.

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Q2446. Which is the root interface of Collection classes in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. java.util.Collection

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Q2447. What is the difference between Controller and Task Command ?

IBM WCS

Ans. Controller Command is the command that gets called upon a request, just like We have actions in struts and controller in Spring. Task is a step in this bigger process. Task command are the commands that perform specific task for a controller command, like service classes in other frameworks. In order to complete the request, a controller command may invoke multiple task commands.

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Q2448. What are the disadvantages of multithreading ?

Core Java

Ans. 1. Switching Overheads - Even though multi threading aims at improving performance by reducing the wait time and hence improving overall throughput, there is a cost of switching resources between threads and sometime this cost can surpass the benefits if there isnt much wait for IO or external communication.

2. Debugging is hard with multi threaded code.

3. Deadlock - Execution of multi threaded code many a times lead to deadlock due to shared resources.

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Q2449. What happens to the Exception object after the exception handling is done ?

Core Java

Ans. As with all other objects its garbage collected after its usage unless its rethrown.

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Q2450. Why Collection interface does not extend Cloneable interface ?

Core Java

Ans. Here is the list of classes that implements Collections Interface - http://www.buggybread.com/2015/02/java-collections-classes-that-implement.html

Having Collection interface to extend Cloneable interface would mean necessarily implement clone method by all implementing classes. As not all collection classes allow duplicate elements, it makes no sense to clone elements for them.

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Q2451. What are the build lifecycles of Maven ?

Maven

Ans. Default , Clean and Site.

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Q2452. What are different dependency scopes in Maven ?

Maven

Ans. Compile

This is the default scope. Compile dependencies are available in all classpaths of a project. Moreover, these dependencies are propagated to dependent projects.

Provided

This is much like compile, but indicates you expect the JDK or a container to provide the dependency at runtime.

Runtime

This scope indicates that the dependency is not required for compilation, but is for execution.

Test

This scope indicates that the dependency is is only available for the test compilation and execution phases. This scope is not transitive.

System

This scope is similar to provided except that you have to provide the JAR which contains it explicitly.

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Q2453. How to tackle duplicate classes in maven build ?

Maven

Ans. The simplest way is to ignore them if Maven enforcer plugin is complaining about it but it may lead to runtime problems later.

We can do the dependency:tree to see from where these duplicate ones are coming and hence can exclude the duplicate one.

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Q2454. Have you heard of Ban Duplicate Classes Maven enforcer plugin ? What is its use ?

Maven

Ans. Yes , we have been using this plugin with our projects and its purpose is to warn and stop the Build if there are duplicates of the same package and class are being carried either directly or through transitive dependencies. the duplicate could be coming through different types of dependencies or through different versions of the same dependency. Its purpose is to make sure that there is only one copy thats being used at compile time and runtime and hence shouldnt later result in runtime problems.

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Q2455. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Factory Design Pattern ?

Design

Ans. Object Oriented Design Patterns is the science of identifying the pattern to make objects communicate in a way to effectively implement a Solution.

Factory Design Patterns is the pattern that recommends creation of separate Factory Object for creation of other object. So its like saying - If you want to create an object of ClassA, Talk to FactoryObject ( which is an object of FactoryClass ). FactoryObject in itself encapsulates the inputs and logic required to make the decision regarding the creation and construction of object.

Advantage of Factory Pattern - Loose Coupling and Segregation of Responsibilities. Now instead of hard binding the complete logic to decide the nature and shape of the object on the basis of some conditions, you are assigning the responsibility to some other object and hence making the relationship loosely coupled and hence main tenable.

Disadvantages - Before Understanding the Dis-advantages , we should understand that these patterns were chosen after a period of evolution and research and almost best fit for the required solution, otherwise these patterns would have easily been replaced by now.

Though the advantages of these pattern surpass the disadvantages keeping in mind the decreasing cost of resources and increasing scale of applications, but still loose coupling by means of additional objects results in decreased performance.

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Q2456. What are the benefits of Enums ?

Core Java

Ans. Enums in Java are used to declare predefined objects and then reuse them. they offer many benefits

1. Enum instance are type safe and thread safe.

2. Enum instances are singleton and hence reused.

3. If we use Enums with Switch , It makes sure that the passed argument is either of its instance and hence provides a safeguard.

4. If we use Enum with Sorted Collections we can sort the elements with a predefined priorities ( as per constant declaration in enum )

5. We can use Enum as a Factory by defining its constructor.

6. We can store related constant data within enum. For example - If we know the values for the map upfront, we can alternatively use an enum.

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Q2457. What is System.in in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. It is an InputSream which is usually connected to the keyboard input of console program.

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Q2458. How is == operator different for objects and primitive types ?

Core Java

Ans. For objects or references, == operator check if the reference on left and right points to the same object.

For primitive types or variables, == operator check if the variable on left and right holds the same value.

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Q2459. What is the difference between = and == in Java ?

Core Java

Ans. = is the assignment operator that assigns the result of the expression on the right to the variable on the left, whereas

== is the operator to check object equality to see if the reference on left and right are pointing to the same object. For primitive types, its used to check if both variables holds the same value.

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Q2460. Write a class explaining builder pattern ?

Design

Ans.

public class BuggyBread { 



   private String element1; 



   private String element2; 



   private BuggyBread(String element1, String element2){ 

      this.element1 = element1; 

      this.element2 = element2; 

   } 



   public static class Builder { 

    

      private String element1; 



      private String element2; 



      Builder(BuggyBread buggybread){ 

         element1 = buggybread.element1; 

         element2 = buggybread.element2; 

      } 



      Builder withElement1(String element1){ 

         this.element1 = element1; 

         return this; 

      } 



      Builder withElement2(String element2){ 

         this.element2 = element2; 

         return this; 

      } 



      BuggyBread build(){ 

         BuggyBread buggybread = new BuggyBread(element1,element2); 

         return buggybread; 

      } 

   } 

}

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