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Ans. We can make a class immutable by 1. Making all methods and variables as private. 2. Setting variables within constructor. Public Class ImmutableClass{ private int member; ImmutableClass(int var){ member=var; } } and then we can initialize the object of the class as ImmutableClass immutableObject = new ImmutableClass(5); Now all members being private , you cant change the state of the object. | ||||
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Like Discuss Correct / Improve  java   oops   immutable  immutability   immutable  immutability class   technical lead Asked in 5 Companies intermediate   frequent | ||||
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Ans. HBM Files ( Mapping ) DB Connection ( DB Connection String , User Name , Password , Pool Size ) SQL Dialect ( SQL variant to be generated ) Show SQL ( Show / No show SQL on Console ) Auto Commit ( True / False ) | ||||
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Ans. Thread class holds the definition of start method ( This is the method that starts execution of new thread and then calls run method within the scope of new thread ). Interfaces don't hold any definition and so does runnable. So it makes it necessary the usage of Thread class , whatever implementation you choose. When your class extends the thread class, it carries the definition of start method from parent Thread class onto itself and hence new yourClass.start() helps starting a new thread and then executing run method in that new thread scope. When you implement runnable interface , you are just making it sure to the JVM that you have implemented the required method ( run() ) which the Thread start method will look for upon executing start method. | ||||
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Ans. First expects the argument as a string array whereas second expects variable number of string arguments or a string array. So we can call both by providing string array as an argument but second can be called with 0 to n string arguments which cannot be done for first. for example - We can call second method with any of following method(); method("Hello"); method("Hello","World"); method(new String[4]); | ||||
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Like Discuss Correct / Improve  var args  methods  method declarations  functions | ||||
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Ans. Inner Class is a class that is nested within another class whereas sub class is a class that extends or inherit another class. Inner class can only be accessed using reference of outer class ( Class name , if inner class is static or object reference, if inner class is non static ) whereas Sub class is accessed directly. In terms of memory, inner class is stored just like another class having it's own body whereas sub class carries the body of parent class as well as it's own fields in memory. | ||||
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Like Discuss Correct / Improve  inner classes  nested classes  inner class vs sub class  nested class vs sub class Basic | ||||
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Ans. With Collection classes , we cannot use primitive types. Moreover for any class using generic types, we cannot use primitive types. They add more functionality by means of additional methods. As their reference can be null , they offer consistent check for uninitialized state. They facilitate caching and reuse by means of constant Pools. | ||||
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Like Discuss Correct / Improve  wrapper classes  benefits of wrapper classes over primitives | ||||
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Ans. Simple Inner Class, Local Inner Class, Anonymous Inner Class, Static Nested Inner Class. | ||||
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Frequently asked at HCL Technologies ( Based on 3 feedback ) | ||||
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Ans. Checked exceptions are the exceptions for which compiler throws an errors if they are not checked whereas unchecked exceptions are caught during run time only and hence can't be checked. | ||||
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Ans. Abstract classes are only meant to be sub classed and not meant to be instantiated whereas concrete classes are meant to be instantiated. | ||||
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Very Frequently asked. Usually asked along with String Class related questions. | ||||
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Ans. Class using which only immutable (objects that cannot be changed after initialization) objects can be created. | ||||
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Ans. Autoboxing is the automatic conversion that the Java compiler makes between the primitive types and their corresponding object wrapper classes | ||||
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Very frequently asked. Usually difference between String,StringBuffer and StringBuilder is asked in different variations. | ||||
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Ans. StringBuffer is synchronized whereas StringBuilder is not. | ||||
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Ans. As we only downcast class in the hierarchy, The ClassCastException is thrown to indicate that code has attempted to cast an object to a subclass of which it is not an instance. | ||||
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Ans. 1.this is a reference to the current object in which this keyword is used whereas super is a reference used to access members specific to the parent Class. 2.this is primarily used for accessing member variables if local variables have same name, for constructor chaining and for passing itself to some method whereas super is primarily used to initialize base class members within derived class constructor. | ||||
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Ans. The jsp scriptlet tag can only declare variables not methods whereas jsp declaration tag can declare variables as well as methods. The declaration of scriptlet tag is placed inside the _jspService() method whereas The declaration of jsp declaration tag is placed outside the _jspService() method. | ||||
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Like Discuss Correct / Improve  j2ee   jsp   scriptlet tag   declaraation tag   web application | ||||
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Ans. Collections can only hold objects, It can't hold primitive data types. Collections have performance overheads as they deal with objects and offer dynamic memory expansion. This dynamic expansion could be a bigger overhead if the collection class needs consecutive memory location like Vectors. Collections doesn't allow modification while traversal as it may lead to concurrentModificationException. | ||||
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Ans. It could be worthy to move a method to util class if the method needs to be shared, doesn't require polymorphic behavior and need not be overridden in special cases. Don't belong to one group through is-a relationship ( You can share through parent class method ) Don't implement a specific interface ( java 8 default methods ) Doesn't involve complex computing as you will be loosing the benefit of object state with just static method. Doesn't require polymorphic behavior as static methods don't participate in runtime polymorphism. | ||||
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Like Discuss Correct / Improve  utility classes   util classes   static methods   application design   rare | ||||
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Ans. Such a class still can have member elements which can be inherited and hence facilitate code reuse. Moreover Abstract class can have non final static elements whereas interfaces are only allowed to have static final elements. | ||||
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Ans. No. Because java internally treats var args as arrays and hence both method declarations will generate the same byte code and hence would result in ambiguity while determining call binding. | ||||
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Ans. 1. Default definition for some of the methods , like equals, hashcode etc that gets carried to all objects even if you don't define anything. But that default definition is kind of like assigning 0 to integer, it just provide a safe state , nothing much for comparison. 2. Places where you have no idea about what object you may receive and just want to perform out of 8 basic methods of object class, something like printing their string representation ( defined by their toString method ), or equality ( using their equals method ) | ||||
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Like Discuss Correct / Improve  object class | ||||
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Ans. ClassNotFoundException is an exception that occurs when we try to load a class at run time using Class.forName() or loadClass() methods and mentioned classes are not found in the classpath. NoClassDefFoundError is an error that occurs when a particular class is present at compile time, but was missing at run time. | ||||
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Ans. For top level class we can only use "public" and "default". We can use private with inner class. | ||||
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Ans. To display the current CLASSPATH variable, use these commands in UNIX (Bourne shell): % echo $CLASSPATH To delete the current contents of the CLASSPATH variable, In UNIX: % unset CLASSPATH; export CLASSPATH To set the CLASSPATH variable, In UNIX: % CLASSPATH=/home/george/java/classes; export CLASSPATH | ||||
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Very Frequently asked.Favorite question in Walk in drive for many Indian service companies. | ||||
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Ans. A Class that cannot be sub classed. | ||||
Sample Code for final class | ||||
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Ans. boolean is a primitive type whereas Boolean is a class. | ||||
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Ans. A wrapper class is any class which "wraps" or "encapsulates" the functionality of another class or component. A Wrapper Class that wraps or encapsulates the primitive data type is called Primitive Wrapper Class. | ||||
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Ans. Adapter. | ||||
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Ans. Part of JVM which is used to load classes and interfaces. Bootstrap , Extension and System are the class loaders used by JVM. | ||||
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Ans. Inner class is a type of nested class. Inner classes are non static nested classes i.e the one that are associated with the instance of outer class. | ||||
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Ans. Any interface declared inside a class or an interface. It is static by default. | ||||
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Like Discuss Correct / Improve  java   oops   nested classes | ||||