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Q61. Difference between GET and POST Requests ?

Ans. GET is supposed to get information from the server. Client sends the minimal information so that Server can respond with the response body on basis of request. For example - You want to get complete employment record for employee id 123

POST is supposed to send the information for submission. Payload or a Body is usually sent so that it can be persisted on the server. For example - Sending the complete information of an employee ( id, name , dept etc ) to the server for persisting it.

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Q62. What is coupling and Cohesion ?

Design

Ans. Coupling is the degree of interdependence between software modules, a measure of how closely connected two modules are or the strength of the relationships between modules.

Cohesion refers to the degree to which the elements of a module belong together. Cohesion measures the strength of relationship between pieces of functionality within a given module.

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Q63. What is JSON ?

Json

Ans. JSON is "JavaScript Object Notation", primarily used for client-server or server-server communication. Its a much lighter and readable alternative to XML. JSON is language independent and is easily parse-able in all programming languages.

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Very Frequently asked.Favorite question in Walk in drive for many Indian service companies.

Q64. What is a Final Class ?

Ans. A Class that cannot be sub classed.

Sample Code for final class

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Q65. what is the difference between collections class vs collections interface ?

Core Java

Ans. Collections class is a utility class having static methods for doing operations on objects of classes which implement the Collection interface. For example, Collections has methods for finding the max element in a Collection.

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Frequently asked in CTS ( Based on 2 feedback )

Q66. What is the difference between comparable and comparator in java.util pkg?

Core Java

Ans. Comparable interface is used for single sequence sorting i.e.sorting the objects based on single data member where as comparator interface is used to sort the object based on multiple data members.

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Q67. Advantage of Collection classes over Arrays ?

Core Java

Ans. Collections are re-sizable in nature. We can increase or decrease the size as per recruitment.
Collections can hold both homogeneous and heterogeneous data's.
Every collection follows some standard data structures.
Collection provides many useful built in methods for traversing,sorting and search.

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Q68. Write a method to check if input String is Palindrome?

Core Java

Ans. private static boolean isPalindrome(String str) {

if (str == null)
return false;

StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder(str);

strBuilder.reverse();

return strBuilder.toString().equals(str);

}

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Q69. Why String is popular HashMap key in Java?

Core Java

Ans. Since String is immutable, its hashcode is cached at the time of creation and it doesnt need to be calculated again. This makes it a great candidate for key in a Map and its processing is fast than other HashMap key objects. This is why String is mostly used Object as HashMap keys.

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Very frequently asked in HCL Tech ( Based of 4 inputs )

Q70. Write a program to reverse a string iteratively and recursively ?

Core Java

Ans. Using String method -

new StringBuffer(str).reverse().toString();

Iterative -

public static String getReverseString(String str){
StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer(str.length);
for(int counter=str.length -1 ; counter>=0;counter--){
strBuffer.append(str.charAt(counter));
}
return strBuffer;
}

Recursive -

public static String getReverseString(String str){
if(str.length <= 1){
return str;
}
return (getReverseString(str.subString(1)) + str.charAt(0);
}

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Q71. Write a Program to check if 2 strings are Anagrams ?

Core Java

Ans. public void checkIfAnagram(String str1,String str2){
boolean anagram = true;
for(char c:str1.toCharArray()){
if(!str2.contains(String.valueOf(c))){
System.out.println("Strings are Anagrams");
anagram = false;
}

if(anagram == true){
System.out.println("Strings are not Anagrams");
}
}
}

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Very frequently asked Hibernate interview question. Frequently asked in TCS ( based on 2 feedback )

Q72. What are different types of associations in Hibernate ?

Hibernate

Ans. There are 4 types of associations in Hibernate

One to One
One to Many
Many to One
Many to Many

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Very frequently asked if being interviewed for hibernate. Frequently asked in Tata Consultancy (TCS) and Overstock.com

Q73. Difference between load and get ?

Hibernate

Ans. If id doesnt exist in the DB load throws an exception whereas get returns null in that case.get makes the call to DB immediately whereas load makes the call to proxy.

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Q74. Can we use static method definitions in Interfaces ?

Core Java

Ans. Yes, Effective Java 8.

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Q75. What are some different logging levels for log4j ?

Log4j

Ans. DEBUG
ERROR
ALL
WARN
INFO
FATAL
OFF
TRACE
TRACE_INT
WARN

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Q76. Difference between jar , war and ear ?

Java EE

Ans. Jar is Java Archieve i.e compressed Class or Class / Java files.

War comprises of compressed Servlet class files,JSP FIles,supporting files, GIF and HTML files.

Ear comprise of compressed Java and web module files ( was files ).

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Q77. How are values passed in Java ? By value or reference ?

Core Java

Ans. Java only provides pass by value.

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Very Frequently asked to Senior Software Engineers or Developers.

Q78. Describe some of the Design Patterns you have used ?

Design

Ans. [Open Ended Answer]

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Q79. What is database Normalization ?

Database

Ans. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization

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Q80. Is it a good practice to use Asterick(*) in import statement to load multiple packages with single import statement ?

Core Java

Ans. No, we should be lean in loading only packages which are required. Loading packages which are not being used result in memory overheads.

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Q81. What is the difference between authentication and authorization ?

Authentication

Ans. Authentication is the process of verifying the identity and credentials of the user to authenticate him into the system.

whereas

Authorization is the process by which access to a segment , method or resource is determined.

Authorization is usually a step next to authentication.

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Q82. What is Amazon S3 ?

Amazon Web Services (AWS)

Ans. Amazon Simple Storage Service or S3 is object storage with a simple web service interface to store and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere on the web.

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Q83. What is abstraction ?

Design

Ans. Abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation details and describing only the functionality to the user.

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Q84. Describe structure of a Web application.

architecture

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Q85. What are the types of authentication used in Web services ?

Web Service

Ans. Encrypted User Name / Password
Encrypted Password within Cookie
Encrypted Tokens
IP
Client Certificates
Oauth

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Q86. Explain OAuth.

Authentication

Ans. OAuth is an open-standard authorization protocol or framework that describes how unrelated servers and services can safely allow authenticated access to their assets without actually sharing the initial, related, single logon credential. Like using Google or Facebook to login to something.

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Q87. Difference between Arrays and ArrayList ?

Core Java

Ans. Both Arrays and ArrayLists are used to store elements. Elements can be either primitives or objects in case of Arrays, but only objects can be stored in Arraylist. Array is a fixed length data structure while arraylist is variable length collection class. Once created, you cannot change the size of the arrays, but arraylists can dynamically resize itself when needed.Another notable difference between Arrays and Arrayslist is that arary is part of core java programming and array list is part of collection classes

Sample Code for arrays arraylist

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Q88. What is a cookie ?

Java EE

Ans. A cookie is a small piece of text stored on a user's computer by the browser for a specific domain. Commonly used for authentication, storing site preferences, and server session identification.

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Frequently asked.

Q89. What is an Iterator?

Core Java

Ans. Iterator is an interface that provides methods to iterate over any Collection.

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Q90. What are transient variables in java?

Core Java

Ans. Transient variables are variable that cannot be serialized.

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