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Ans. Generalization or UpCasting is a phenomenon where a sub class is prompted to a super class, and hence becomes more general. Generalization needs widening or up-casting. Specialization or DownCasting is a phenomenon where a super class is narrowed down to a sub class. Specialization needs narrowing or down-casting.
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LikeDiscussCorrect / Improve  java   data types   casting  type casting   up casting  type casting   downcasting  type casting   generalization   specialization Asked in 2 Companies
Q182. Can we call the garbage collector explicitly ?
Ans. Yes, We can call garbage collector directly but it doesn't guarantees that the gc will start executing immediately. This gc( ) method appears in both Runtime and System classes of java.lang package.
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Ans. Both belong to the class as a whole and not to the individual objects. Static methods are explicitly called for execution whereas Static block gets executed when the Class gets loaded by the JVM.
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Ans. Java uses Just-In-Time compiler to enable high performance. Just-In-Time compiler is a program that turns Java bytecode into instructions that can be sent directly to the processor.
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Ans. A child object constructor always first needs to construct its parent. In Java it is done via an implicit call to the no-args constructor as the first statement
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Ans. At the beginning of an object's life, the Java virtual machine (JVM) allocates memory on the heap to accommodate the object's instance variables. When that memory is first allocated, however, the data it contains is unpredictable. If the memory were used as is, the behavior of the object would also be unpredictable. To guard against such a scenario, Java makes certain that memory is initialized, at least to predictable default values before it is used by any code.
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Constructor provided by Java if no constructor is declared
Constructor with empty body
All of the above
Default Constructor is provided by Java ...
To Reserve Memory
To provide at least one instance method
To Make it look good
To initialize the object state
Q187. Will the static block be executed in the following code ? Why ?
class Test { static { System.out.println("Why I am not executing "); } public static final int param=20; }
public class Demo { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(Test.param); } }
Ans. No the static block won't get executed as the referenced variable in the Test class is final. Compiler replaces the content of the final variable within Demo.main method and hence actually no reference to Test class is made.
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Ans. The purpose of comparator interface is to compare objects of the same class to identify the sorting order. Sorted Collection Classes ( TreeSet, TreeMap ) have been designed such to look for this method to identify the sorting order, that is why class need to implement Comparator interface to qualify its objects to be part of Sorted Collections.
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Ans. 1. Methods can participate in runtime polymorphism whereas member variables cannot.
For example -
Vehicle vehicle = new Car();
car.getObjVariable();// will return variable defined in Car
whereas
car.variable
will return the variable from Car class irrespective of the object it holds.
2. Validations can be performed before setting the variables.
3. If the input format changes or some other value or calculated value needs to be returned , that can be absorbed by making change ( wrapping ) in the setter and getter. By this the call to method from outside or interface to the object will remain the same.
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Ans. Yes, but the overloaded main methods without single String[] argument doesn't get any special status by the JVM. They are just another methods that needs to be called explicitly.
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Ans. 1. Configure Provider class in Hibernate configuration file.
2. Add Cache usage tag ( read-only or read-write ) in mapping files ( hbm ).
3. Create an XML file called ehcache.xml and place in classpath which contains time settings and update settings, behavior of cache , lifetime and idletime of Pojos, how many objects are allowed.
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Ans. No. compareTo method is declared final for the Enumerations and hence cannot be overriden. This has been intentionally done so that one cannot temper with the sorting order on the Enumeration which is the order in which Enum constants are declared.
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Q194. If you are given a choice to implement the code to either Insert a Record or Update if already exist, Which approach will you follow ?
1. Insert into the DB Table. If exception occurs, update the existing record. 2. Check if the record exists and update it if it exists, If not insert a new record.
Ans. In first case, there would be 2 DB calls in worst case and 1 in best case. In 2nd approach there will be always 2 DB calls.
Decision on the approach should depend on the following considerations -
1. How costly is the call to DB ? Are we using indices , hibernate etc
If calls to DB are costly , 1st approach should be the choice.
2. Exception Book keeping load upon exception.
The benefit of saving 1st call in approach 1 should be bigger than the Book keeping for the exception.
3. Probability of the exception in first apparoach.
If the DB Table is almost empty, it makes sense to follow Approach 1 as majority of the 1st calls will pass through without exception.
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LikeDiscussCorrect / Improve  database   insert-update   db exceution plan   db strategy   design   architecture   technical lead
Very Frequently asked.
Q195. Explain throw, throws , try and catch in Java ?
Ans. throw is used to re throw an exception.throws is used to declare that the method throws the respective exceptions.try block is used to identify if the respective block has thrown any exception.catch is used to catch the exception that has been thrown by the respective try block.
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Ans. A has dependency of B, B has dependency of C and C has dependency of A
With Maven 2 , came transitive dependency wherein in above scenario, C will acts as a dependency of A as if this dependency has been defined directly in A but the negative side is that if it leads to cyclic dependency , it creates problems.
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Ans. This annotation is added to the auto increment column with the strategy to increment the column value. Usually this is added to the surrogate primary key column and specified with the Database Sequence.
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Ans. It's a choice to be made whether to use first approach ( Thread class ) or second approach ( runnable interface ) by the programmer. The second facility has been given for cases where your class is already extending some parent class and hence cannot extend another class ( for Thread ) as Java doesn't allow multiple inheritance.
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Ans. BlockingQueue is a Queue that supports operations that wait for the queue to become non-empty when retrieving and removing an element, and wait for space to become available in the queue when adding an element.
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In what order the elements of a HashSet are retrieved ?
Random Order
Insertion Order
Natural Sorting Order
Inverse Natural Sorting Order
Q205. Which of the following is not the advantage of Mocking frameworks ?
a. It helps testing the module independently b. It helps in faster unit testing c. It helps in testing code even when external dependencies like service calls are not working d. It helps in doing end to end Integration Testing
Ans. It helps in doing end to end Integration Testing
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Q207. Which of the following is false about Constructors ?
a. Constructor can be overloaded b. A no argument constructor is provided by the compiler if we declare only constructors with arguments. c. Constructors shouldn't have any return types , not even void. d. If super is not explicitly called, still super() is intrinsically added by the compiler.