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Ans. Every fresh session having its own cache memory, Caching is a mechanism for storing the loaded objects into cache memory. The advantage of cache mechanism is, whenever again we want to load the same object from the database then instead of hitting the database once again, it loads from the local cache memory only, so that the no. of round trips between an application and a database server got decreased. It means caching mechanism increases the performance of the application.
In hibernate we have two levels of caching
First Level Cache [ or ] Session Cache
Second Level Cache [ or ] Session Factory Cache [ or ] JVM Level Cache
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Ans. The architecture of a Spring Boot project can be divided into three layers:
Presentation Layer:
This layer is responsible for handling user requests and generating responses. It includes the user interface, which can be a web UI or a RESTful API. Spring Boot provides various options to develop web applications, such as Spring MVC, Thymeleaf, and others.
Service Layer:
This layer contains the business logic of the application. It is responsible for processing the user requests and generating responses. The Service Layer interacts with the Data Access Layer to fetch and store data.
Data Access Layer:
This layer is responsible for interacting with the database or any other external data source. It includes the database model, repositories, and data access objects. Spring Boot provides support for various data access technologies, such as JPA, JDBC, and Spring Data JPA.
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Ans. Java provides its own implementations of the thread pool pattern, through objects called executors. These can be used through executor interfaces or directly through thread pool implementations which does allow for finer-grained control. The java.util.concurrent package contains the following interfaces:
Executor : a simple interface for executing tasks.ExecutorService a more complex interface which contains additional methods for managing the tasks and the executor itself.
ScheduledExecutorService: extends ExecutorService with methods for scheduling the execution of a task.Alongside these interfaces, the package also provides the Executors helper class for obtaining executor instances, as well as implementations for these interfaces.
Generally, a Java thread pool is composed of:
The pool of worker threads, responsible for managing the threads.
A thread factory that is responsible for creating new threads.
A queue of tasks waiting to be executed.
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Q40. suppose i have interface and i have declare lots of abstract method in interface But in sub class only two methods are use .than how to use oly two methods.
Ans. Assigning a value of one type to a variable of another type is known as Type Casting.
Example :
int x = 10;
byte y = (byte)x;
In Java, type casting is classified into two types, Widening Casting(Implicit) widening-type-conversion and Narrowing Casting (Explicitly done) narrowing-type-conversion.
Widening or Automatic type converion - Automatic Type casting take place when,the two types are compatible and the target type is larger than the source type
Example :
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i = 100;
long l = i; //no explicit type casting required
float f = l;//no explicit type casting required
System.out.println("Int value " i);
System.out.println("Long value " l);
System.out.println("Float value " f);
}
}
Narrowing or Explicit type conversion - When you are assigning a larger type value to a variable of smaller type, then you need to perform explicit type casting.
Example :
public class Test{
public static void main(String[] args) {
double d = 100.04;
long l = (long)d; //explicit type casting required
int i = (int)l;//explicit type casting required
System.out.println("Double value " d);
System.out.println("Long value " l);
System.out.println("Int value " i);
}
}
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Ans. Both Arrays and ArrayLists are used to store elements. Elements can be either primitives or objects in case of Arrays, but only objects can be stored in Arraylist. Array is a fixed length data structure while arraylist is variable length collection class. Once created, you cannot change the size of the arrays, but arraylists can dynamically resize itself when needed.Another notable difference between Arrays and Arrayslist is that arary is part of core java programming and array list is part of collection classes
Ans. OAuth is an open-standard authorization protocol or framework that describes how unrelated servers and services can safely allow authenticated access to their assets without actually sharing the initial, related, single logon credential. Like using Google or Facebook to login to something.
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Ans. Setter Injection in Spring is a type of dependency injection in which the framework injects the dependent objects into the client using a setter method.
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Q59. What is the use of @Import and @ImportResource anotations ?
Ans. The @Import annotation is used to import one or more @Configuration classes. This annotation provides the functionality equivalent to element in xml based configuration.
The @ImportResource annotation is used to import one or more XML configuration files.
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